Drilling water wells is an important issue, because if the work is performed poorly, it can cause numerous problems that will constantly bring numerous troubles. Drilling a well under water must be carried out in strict accordance with the technology, otherwise you may encounter the following problems:

1. Dirty water. If the depth of the mine is insufficient, instead of clean and pleasant to smell, dirty bog water will flow from the tap. And also it can get into the pipe when its walls are destroyed, when drilling is done with a poor-quality tool.
2. After a while, the water will completely disappear or it will not be found. This suggests that the aquifer was never found, will be found, or it has been passed. Therefore, the first step is to most correctly determine the height of the aquifer, so as not to waste the resource in vain.

Finding an aquifer

A water well is required, and you want to drill it yourself, then the first thing to do is find an indicator of its presence in your area. They can be:

• Nearby is a drilled well from neighbors. It is enough just to ask to what depth he dug a spring for himself, which will greatly facilitate the search tasks.
• Spring streams. And also an indicator of the presence of an aquifer in the soil is a stream with crystal clear and tasty water. It is important that it does not have a swampy or peaty smell. As a rule, streams do not spread so far from their source, so the water layer will probably be below you.
• Lake with clear water. If there is a natural reservoir near you and there is always clear water in it, then this indicates a spring origin. At its bottom, somewhere a powerful key beats, which acts as a pressure pump, filling the reservoir with clean water.

But if none of the above is nearby, then hand drilling water wells should be postponed. In this case, it is better to order the drilling of water wells with a small-sized installation, using the services of a specialized company. Because you may have to drill deeply and when you reach a depth of about 20 m manual labor it is almost impossible to do this using the standard method.

In order to drill a well under the water correctly, and it almost immediately began to provide you with crystal-clear water, it is necessary to conduct geodetic surveys by contacting the services of specialized companies.

It will not be cheap, but you will be able to determine the water level with high accuracy and be able to calculate the amount of materials required. It is also necessary to properly design the water well, select the right materials and design the filtration system.

Well types

Many are interested in the question of how to drill a well with their own hands, but the first step is to familiarize yourself with their types in order to pre-determine the scope of work for yourself. The fact is that the level of water occurrence can be different in different locations, but the fact that it exists in our latitudes is known with 100% probability.

Therefore, using the example of a section, we will study the well structure. And then, we will consider 3 ways of how to make a well with your own hands, but using certain devices.

There are the following types of water wells:

1. To the ground aquifer - the simplest and affordable way... It is at this depth that the layer groundwaterand also accumulates water from atmospheric precipitation. Wells are usually built at this depth. The depth varies from 5 to 10 m.
2. A second aquifer or first aquifer is a better and more reliable source of clean water. It is also a sandy horizon. In this case, do-it-yourself drilling of wells can be performed, as in the first case. But the depth of the sand layer will be in the range from 20 to 30 m, depending on the terrain. The absorption of this type of well is very acceptable, which may well provide a small suburban area with water.
3. The calcareous horizon is the deepest type of this structure. In this case, a well under water with your own hands cannot be performed, because the work will be prohibitively large and practically impracticable. The depth of an artesian well in summer cottages or in the territories of recreational complexes can range from 50 to 100 meters or more. It is also called the limestone horizon. These well categories are professional and can only be realized with the help of special drilling equipment.

Sand hole: pros and cons

The most popular is sand well drilling. Such a mine is called a sand mine. This is a shallow type of water source that can be installed on almost any site. The design of the water well in this case is extremely simple and may well be done by hand. In a simplified form, it can be considered as a simple well with concrete walls.

The pros and cons of such structures are as follows:

1. Simplicity. It can be drilled by a couple of workers with unpretentious devices.
2. Crystal clear water. The water in it is perfectly clean due to natural filtration.

But besides the advantages, it has a disadvantage, which consists in the rapid clogging of the filter with sand, which is almost impossible to clean. As the statistics show, a well in the area, drilled to the level of sandy waters, lasts an average of 10 years and rarely exceeds this value.

Specialized companies, due to the short service life of this type of structure, give a guarantee for work for only 2 weeks. Because of this, many people decide to drill water wells in the sand on their own at the outer level.

On average, up to 20 cubic meters of water can be extracted from it per day. m of water, and if there are pressure sands in the reservoir, then the amount of water can double, and the service life, of course, can be reduced.

In addition to all that has been said, the disadvantages of the decision to drill a well in the country in the sand is that it is not possible to find a sand layer everywhere and it spreads in small zones.

Therefore, basically, you will have to drill a well for water at random. For the stable operation of such a spring, it will need to be cleaned from the accumulated sand from time to time. Next, consider 3 ways to make a water well with your own hands.

Well drilling technology

If you need an absorption well in the country, then it is quite possible to implement it yourself. This requires the following accessories and tools:

• geophysical probe;
• drilling rig with a safety drill;
• cable;
• filtering component with pump;
• casing rings and cover.

Of course, before drilling, the depth of the drinking water well must be determined by any in a known way... Otherwise, manual drilling will be in vain.

It is also worth exploring the varieties of drilling tools, which include:

• drill spoons;
• spiral drills;
• flat chisel;
• conical chisel;
• cruciform chisel.

Almost any technology for drilling water wells involves the process of determining the aquifer using a safety drill. When it is reached, the rotational speed of the drill noticeably changes.

Electro sounding can be used to determine the depth of the aquifer, and thermometry is also popular. As drilling practice shows, a high-quality water well has a depth of 25 m, and when moving towards the south, it increases.

Some of the simplest signs of the presence of water, in which water wells can be drilled, are:

• frequent accumulation of fog in the morning;
• the presence of water-loving plants on the site;
• the presence of dew on plants in the early morning.

How is a water well drilled on the first aquifer?

The technology of drilling water wells on the first aquifer consists in strict adherence to the sequence of actions during the drilling process. But first you need to familiarize yourself with the drilling pattern.

The earth is a layered structure consisting of alternating layers of clay, clay sand and limestone. At the same time, the thickest layers are closer to the surface and the first calcareous layer lies at a depth of 40 m.Therefore, if you want to reach the calcareous horizon or the 3rd aquifer, you will have to drill at least 40 m.In this case, a well for water cannot be made due to the complexity of the work. We will consider the technology for achieving the first water carrier or sandstone.

Water wells of this type are easy to implement and quite efficient. They call it sandstone purely conditionally, because this layer can contain not only sand. It is very often to be in it a large number of pebbles and mixtures of pebbles and sand.

In this case, manual drilling of wells for water can be performed at any convenient place on the site. It is necessary to choose it for practical reasons, so that it is easier to carry out the laying of the water supply system.

The advantages of drilling such a water source should also include all the seasonality, unless, of course, there are any obstacles for this. In any case, it is better to turn to the services of a specialist who has previously drilled more than once, because he will often be able to immediately determine the need to use a working tool, eliminating the need for preliminary research.

Furthermore, various types soils require implementation different technologiesas there is no universal drilling rig. Therefore, nevertheless, even wells will be drilled in the country with their own hands, it is worth ordering geodetic surveys or a thermometric well has been previously completed.

The first method or auger drilling

Most simple types wells are drilled using auger tools. When using specialized machines, the working tool is a compound auger. After drilling a hole in the ground, special casing rings are inserted into it. They must be immersed with the utmost care so as not to accidentally damage the walls of the shaft.

A filter with a braided stainless wire stack is immediately put on the bottom, and the column is assembled in place from polypropylene pipes... But it is safer to use steel pipes with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm. They will provide clean and high-quality water for a long time, eliminating the possibility of dissolution of the pipe walls under the influence of biological substances.

When choosing a material, when drilling sand wells, it is worth considering the mobility of earth layers, which can inevitably deform a polymer pipe. But otherwise it is quite durable, and is an excellent budget option.

You can reach the first water carrier without resorting to the services of specialized firms. To do this, you will need to drill wells with a small-sized drilling rig or mini-drilling rig. You can make it yourself from a bar, logs and metal profile... It is also possible to manually drill a shaft to the aquifer using an auger or bailer.

it perfect option, if you need a well in the country with your own hands. It is quite possible to equip it. A few tough guys and a compound drill are enough.

The second way or rotary

In this case, the equipment for drilling wells consists of a special drill pipe, a bit installed inward. The first aquifer is reached with such a tool quickly enough and very often in this way.

Further drilling is carried out using a hydraulic drilling machine. Reaching the 2nd layer guarantees better water quality. This method is used to produce absorption wells that provide high productivity.

Drilling a well for water using this method allows you to reach any depth, so it is in demand in places where a large amount of water and its high quality are required. During rotary drilling, soil accumulates in the mine, which must be removed using a special device called drilling fluid.

Drilling wells for water in this way implies mandatory flushing, which is performed with a solution. You can submit it to the mine using one of two existing methods:

1. Direct flush system. The solution is pumped into a pipe, from which it flows out under its own pressure.
2. Backwash. The solution is fed into the pipe by gravity, after which it flows out of it under its own pressure.

Backflushing allows you to quickly pierce the water well and better penetrate the aquifer. But its implementation will require expensive equipment and skilled labor. The most popular methods of drilling water wells are direct flushing. The process does not require expensive equipment, but it is more complex.

The third method or wire rope drilling

Answering the question: how to drill a water well yourself using the simplest method? One of these is impact-rolled drilling. In this case, manually drilling the well is possible, but the process takes a lot of time and physical effort. But the resulting quality will not be a disappointment because the walls of the shaft are compacted, which will increase its durability.

A water well made in this way serves for at least 50 years, providing users with high-quality and very clean water.

In addition, these are absorption wells that can provide water to many consumers, since this method can be used to punch a mine to any depth. Do-it-yourself wells of this type work for a long time and can provide a large number of people with high-quality water. These are also highly efficient absorption wells.

The design of a water well is quite simple, as is the technology for its manufacture. And it consists in breaking through the earth with a heavy projectile, after which the loosened soil is removed from the mine with a thief.

Thus, the trunk of the future source is simultaneously cleared. And in order to prevent soil from falling into the mine during operation during drilling, a wide board with a hole is laid on top. As a result, it is convenient not only to take out the shell and the bailer, but also for workers to walk in the working area.

This method requires primitive equipment that can be used for drilling wells under water, but it takes a lot of time. Therefore, if you decide not to carry out the process yourself, but with the use of hired labor, then the service will be quite expensive.

Security country house water is paramount. It is even impossible to carry out construction without water, not to mention a normal stay in the country. all year round or seasonally. There are several options: connect to a centralized system, dig a well, or drill a water well. The simplest first option, but in its absence, it is easier to dig a shallow well. But the water quality will be low, so many people prefer to make their own water well with their own hands. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with drilling technologies that are available for home use.

Drilling methods

Drilling of wells for water is carried out different ways... In particular, there are such technologies:

1. Rope percussion drilling.
2. Rotary drilling.
3. Auger drilling.
4. Hydro drilling.

Let us consider all the features of do-it-yourself well drilling technologies.

Percussion wireline drilling

The rope technique involves the use of a special mechanism. The process of drilling water wells with this method is considered the most affordable for home use. Moreover, the process is rather lengthy. If there is no mechanism, then the process of lifting the striking element will also require serious labor.

Drilling a well for water with your own hands with a shock-rope method can be performed in different types soil. It is important to select the appropriate shells here. Below we describe some of the devices that summer residents use for self-drilling a well on the site:

• Thick-walled metal pipe. In its lower part there is a cut and a cutting edge. Such a structure is also known as a glass drill. Many craftsmen make a similar drill for drilling a well by hand on their own. The best option for a non-flowing layer of clay soil.
• If the soil is predominantly hard rock, such as gravel or sand, then a bailer is used. A valve is welded to the bottom of the drill. At the moment the drill hits the ground, the valve opens, the soil falls into the glass. At the moment of lifting, the valve closes. Thanks to this, the breed does not spill out, but is taken out.
• In such a soil, when manually drilling a well for water, you can use a drill spoon. It got this name due to its specific form.
• If, while manually drilling a well, you come across a rock formation, then a drill bit is used. First, the rock must be crushed, and then removed from the source.

All these drills are based on a rope and a special installation - a tripod. To automate the process of removing the drill, an engine can be installed on the tripod. In this case, shock — the rotary method will greatly speed up the entire drilling process.

Important! The heavier you have a shell, the faster the well will be ready for water. Therefore, it is recommended to make an effort to manufacture it.

Rotary drilling

In this case, a special mobile equipment of the MGBU with a small-sized installation is used. Water well drilling will be much faster. An important condition is to ensure free access for the entrance of equipment. The rotary method is effective in cases when a well in the country is needed in a short time.

Rotary drilling scheme

Auger drilling

In this situation, drilling a well for water is carried out by means of a screw auger. By this is meant a steel pipe having welded-on blades in a spiral direction. As the auger rotates, the projectile gradually deepens into the ground. In the process of its immersion, it should be regularly lifted outward, the blades are cleaned and the pipe built up for greater immersion. It is important that there is a thread and a retaining ring at the bottom of the pipe. In this case, it will be possible to carry out manual drilling of a well for water with high quality.

But this method of drilling water wells is effective only under the condition of soft soil. With loose soil, the wellbore will constantly crumble. And with a rocky rock, the method is generally ineffective.

Hydrodrilling

Water well drilling is also carried out using hydrodrilling technology. Based on the name, it becomes clear that water is used in the process of work. Its exit by gravity occurs directly through the drill, where there is a special hole. Additionally, a pump is used. The technology of drilling wells by hydrodrilling does not require a large volume of water, since its circulation is observed.

Choosing a location for drilling a well

Before drilling a well, it is necessary to determine the place to perform the work. Most the best way use all sorts of schemes and maps of the terrain of your region. On them, you can more likely find out whether there will be a water well with a good aquifer or not. For example, in some regions of the country, only horseback is available. It lies at a depth of 10 meters. This water can be taken for food only with regular tests to the appropriate authorities. In all other cases, it is necessary to install a deep cleaning system. But as a rule, it is not profitable to drill a well for water to such a depth, it is enough to make a small well.

A well under water is mainly made in a place where artesian water is available. This source will produce water of excellent quality. This aquifer is located at a depth of 55 m or more. However, it is prohibited to raise this water without appropriate permits. For domestic needs and without any permission, you can drill a hole in a free-flow well. As a rule, such sources are called - a needle on the sand. Drilling of wells in sand is often performed independently without the involvement of special equipment. This aquifer is located at a depth of 5 to 20 meters. But before drinking it, you should thoroughly pump the well at the site.

As for a specific place, there are many ways to determine the water on the site. For example, when planning to drill sand wells, an exploration well is pre-made. There is also folk ways... But the best thing is to find maps and diagrams of the aquifer in your area.

Well types and their features

The type or type of wells on the site determines the geology of the site at a particular drilling point. So, several factors affect this at once:

• Depth.
• Rock hardness.
• Feature of the geological section.

Well drilling technology also affects a specific type. Now we propose to compare 4 types of sources with each other:

1. Industrial.
2. Exploration.
3. On the sand.
4. Abyssinian well.

Industrial

This is a limestone water well with a diameter of 600 mm. As a rule, the depth is more than 500 m and has a large flow rate of up to 100 cubic meters per hour. Drilling a well under water of such a plan is effective for large agricultural and technological structures and industries. It is used for cottage settlements and so on. The method used for drilling wells is rotary.

Exploration

If hydrological or geological exploration work is carried out, then an exploration hole is drilled. In most cases, rotational technology is used. Typically, the diameter is very small and the well structure is very simple. Plus, it is the cheapest investment. Thanks to this, real opportunity find out exactly where you can start large-scale work.

Well on the sand

Such a water well is made by hand using rotary method technology. A screw is used for this. You can do all the work in just two days. It is classified as low-flow rate up to 1 cubic meter per hour. Vibration pumps are used for pumping out. Subject to the technology of drilling a well for water, it will last up to 10 years. To keep everything working properly, it is recommended to use it constantly.

Abyssinian well

The Abyssinian-type structure is a source that is easy to make with your own hands. It cannot even be fully called for drilling, because a special rod is used, which is driven into the soil. A special filter mesh is attached to its lower part, which allows water to be lifted up good quality... The process uses extension rods. The connection is made by means of a thread. Unlike other technologies for drilling wells under water, the pipe itself remains in the ground, since water will flow through it. The pipe diameter can be up to 32 mm. It is imperative that all connections are as tight as possible, as the needle clogs into the soil for a long time.

Water Well Drilling Tools

If manual drilling of wells is planned, then the optimal technology is percussion-rope, it is the most widespread and affordable. This will require the following tool and material:

• Shovel.
• A drill with a cutting part. To increase the weight of the drill, steel screws or other metal objects can be welded onto it.
• A wheelbarrow for transporting soil.
• Pump.
• A container with water.

You will also need such material:

• Wire.
• Trumpet.
• Steel wire for filter.
• Gravel or crushed stone.

Diy water well drilling

A well at the dacha is made by hand with the help of percussion-rope technology. The essence of the technology boils down to drilling holes in the soil by means of a driven nozzle. An instrument falls from a height and breaks the rock. After, it is raised and the soil is removed from the glass. To do this, you need to create certain conditions... Now we propose to consider in all details how to make a well with your own hands.

Before you drill a well in the country, you need to make a hole. This means digging a shallow hole to make it easier to drill a hole in the area. First of all, due to this, the drilling depth is reduced and the probability of collapse of the upper soil layer is excluded. Its size can have the following dimensions: 1.5 by 2.5 meters. At the edges of the pit walls are reinforced with plywood. Thanks to this, the soil will definitely not crumble.

Further, the technology of drilling a well for water includes the installation of a tripod. This is a special percussion rope mechanism that allows you to drill a well into the water. The tripod serves as a support device for holding the drill stem. It is made of wood or metal profile. The length of the timber / pipe should be up to 5 meters. The winch must be fastened with a cable. A drill bit is attached to the cable.

Drilling at a summer cottage

The resulting installation is compact in size, does not require the use of a small-sized drilling rig for drilling wells and is done by hand. You can drill a well in this way at different times. Speed \u200b\u200bdetermines the nature of the soil. In one blow, the drill can go up to one meter. If the soil is stony, then up to 200 mm.

Advice! To speed up the process of making a well at the site, water can be poured into the hole. She will soften the breed. Moreover, the glass must be constantly cleaned.

As for the cable, then it must have sufficient reserve so that the drill does not come off and stay at the very bottom of the hole. As you progress, you can immediately install the casing or after the completion of drilling a well for water manually.

If the first method is chosen, then the drilling of water wells, the process technology will include a casing pipe having a larger diameter than the drill itself. With this method, it is important to control the depth of the drinking water well. Otherwise, you can skip the aquifer and close it with a pipe. Therefore, the moisture level of the soil lifted out should be closely monitored.

It is possible to determine this moment when making a water well in the country according to the following criteria:

• The knot began to sit down very quickly.
• You found an aquifer in the flush.
• In storm after clay, you find sand.
• A static head is generated.
• Water began to drain from the pit.
• The drill starts to vibrate.

Therefore, when we drill a well in this way, it is important to be extremely careful.

As soon as you reach the aquifer, a well in the country with your own hands is required for pumping and cleaning from dirty water. Thanks to this, you will be able to find out if this well at the summer cottage will meet all the needs of your family on its debit.

If during the pumping process the water is cloudy for a long time, then you should deepen the well in the country with your own hands.

Casing

The design of a water well without fail includes casing. For this, you can use plastic or metal pipes. It is not advisable to use galvanized pipes, as they can negatively affect chemical composition water.

So, by installing the casing, the following goals are achieved:

1. The walls of the source do not crumble.
2. The water intake is not silted up.
3. The likelihood of hitting top water is excluded, which is not the best in the category of wells.
4. The source will remain clean.

As already mentioned, a water well can be equipped with a casing during or after drilling. If the pipe goes into the ground hard, then it is necessary to exert physical effort and work with a sledgehammer.

Water well flushing after drilling

After drilling a well with your own hands and installing the casing, flushing is carried out - a mandatory step. The essence of this process is that a pipe is lowered into the source through which water is pumped under pressure. Due to the pressure from the hole, sand and clay are completely removed. All of this will be pumped out. As soon as clean water has gone, be sure to hand it over for analysis at the appropriate organization.

Pros and cons

This method of drilling a well for water has its pros and cons.

Advantages:

• The design of the well for water allows you to make a source with a high debit and a long operating life.
• Equipment for drilling wells can be made by hand, which is an economy, as if you had to rent a small-sized installation for drilling a well.
• The ability to control the water level and see the aquifer.
• The design of water wells allows for the creation of a large diameter inlet.
• These drilling methods allow work to be carried out even in the winter season.

Disadvantages:

• There are other types of well drilling that can be done much faster.
• A large amount of equipment is required to drill water wells, especially with regard to the casing.
• These types of water wells require serious physical and labor resources.
• Before drilling a well for water, it is necessary to determine the nature of the soil, the percussion-rope technology is not always relevant.
• Harmful landscaping adjoining territory... For this reason, before you drill a well yourself, you should not carry out landscaping work.

Conclusion

So, here we have considered all the features of how to make a water well with your own hands. Among other things, we learned about the varieties of this source, which under different circumstances gets different names, for example, absorption wells, thermometric wells, sand wells and others. To consolidate the whole theory and know how to cope with the work yourself, we suggest watching the prepared video material at the end of the article.

The technology of drilling water wells depends on the way in which this process... There are several methods that can be used to carry out such work, they differ from each other in the need to use tools and the method of drilling water wells.

How to choose a seat?

Before you start drilling water wells, you should choose a place to work. In this plan, it should be taken into account that the site should be convenient for carrying out work and for the entrance of machines, if required. In addition, you need to determine the area where it will merge industrial water and where to store unnecessary equipment.

Technologies for drilling water wells include the presence of a flat area where work will be carried out. The site should be at least 4x12 m, it should be provided with free access to equipment in order to drill without difficulties and problems. Power wires and other communications should not be located nearby.

The place itself is selected based on economic feasibility. So, for example, the closer the well is to the point of its injection, the less work and pipes will be required. But it should be remembered that the structure should be located more than three meters from the building. Over some types of wells, such as artesian wells, other structures cannot be erected.

Work methods

The method of drilling wells includes four types of performing the assigned task: using a screw method, rotary, percussion-rope and manual. Each of the types presented has its own characteristics, as well as positive and negative aspects.

Using auger and rotor

The most affordable way is auger drilling of wells. It involves the use of a screw that goes into the ground, loosening it. This technique can be used in dry or soft ground. This method will not work for rocks or quicksands.

Well drilling is carried out by breaking the rock and feeding it to the wellhead. The screw method is possible for drilling wells, the dimensions of which are 6-80 cm in diameter and 60 m in depth. In some cases, the depth can be increased to 100 m. When lifting the drill, the walls of the well must be well secured. To prevent shedding, immediately after submerging the auger, the casing must be submerged.

Thus, this well drilling technique is easy to organize and perform. The installation itself is mobile, which allows it to be used in the right place for a short period of time. However, such a method has a limited depth at which work can be carried out, and a restriction in place, for example, it is impossible to drill into rocks.

Rotary water drilling is performed due to the continuous action of the bit, which rotates. Simultaneously with it, a clay solution is used, which is designed to wash out the rock from the wellbore. This method can be used to break down rocks. To carry out leaching from the trunk of the soil, you need to have a mud pump, and the solution must be continuously supplied to the pipe.

With this method, backwashing can be used, in which the solution is fed into the annulus. The destruction of the destroyed rock occurs through the pipe. This allows you to speed up the work and get the aquifer with better quality.

This method has several advantages. The price for the work has been significantly reduced, which is explained by the savings in casing. In addition, the ROP is quite high compared to other methods. However, it should be noted that during the cold season, the circulation system should be insulated. Plus, it is impossible to take a sample from the aquifer without preliminary running and casing the well. Since a large amount of water and clay is used, this leads to contamination of the limestone layers.

Shock-rope and manual methods

The most laborious and time consuming to implement is the shock-rope method. However, it is of the highest quality, so you shouldn't forget about it. The process is the destruction of the rock due to the impact of a heavy object against it, launched from a certain height, followed by the extraction of crushed rock.

The drilling rig is a tripod, cable, winch and glass. The last element is pointed on one side. The lifting of this element is carried out using a winch, after which the projectile is sharply lowered. When falling, a small amount of soil falls into the projectile. To better overcome the resistance of the soil, an impact bar is used, which hits the glass at its end. A chisel is used to work with hard rocks.

This is very easy to use, since you do not need to use a rock washout solution. In addition, the person carrying out work using this method, immediately learns about the opening of the aquifer, and such a well will work for a long time. However, during operation, it is necessary to overlap aquifers and quicksands using a casing.

On the small area good efficiency shows hand on water. For work, you will need a drill, tools with which the drill will be cleaned, and adapter rods. As for the diameter of the main tool, this parameter can vary from 10 to 30 cm.This method is suitable in cases where it is required to make a well with a depth not exceeding 10 m.

Completing of the work

Previously, the main technologies for drilling wells were described, but now it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the main points of this process. this work includes three stages: crushing the rock, removing soil from the hole, after which its walls are fixed.

The first stage is rock crushing. The work is carried out using special mechanisms that destroy the soil. The choice of the mechanism depends on the used well drilling technology, the main ones were described earlier. Removal of soil, or rock, also depends on the method used.

In this regard, the hydraulic method is distinguished. It involves the use of a technical fluid with which the rock is lifted. The mechanical type of soil removal involves the use of augers, augers, or a bailer. With the pneumatic method, the removal of rock is carried out by the action of compressed air.

After removing the rock, it is required to casing the well, which is performed with metal pipes. Often used are pipes that are made of ferrous metal. It is not recommended to use pipes with a galvanized surface when it comes to drinking water... With regard to the use of stainless steel pipes, then such an event is simply unprofitable.

At the moment, the well drilling technique involves the use of double casing. This method involves the use of a plastic liner to insulate the column. Double casing allows to increase the service life of the object, while at the same time increasing the technical parameters.

The last stage of the well drilling technology involves pumping water until it reaches a transparent state. In addition, the flow rate, dynamic and static levels should be measured, which are necessary for the selection and subsequent installation of water lifting equipment.

Thus, the technology of drilling a well for water includes several stages, which include not only the beginning of the drilling process and its continuation, but also the subsequent arrangement of the well for the purpose of its further use and production of high-quality water.

In general, the process of work depends on the method used, which should be immediately noted.

The presence of a well on suburban areais often necessary condition to create comfort. Many people prefer to have an independent source even with a centralized water supply. The absence of this makes it necessary to extract water from the bowels. The state of the art has greatly expanded the drilling capabilities. But a do-it-yourself water well remains a reality and an inexpensive way to provide it.

Providing water is the primary task in the arrangement of any living space. Today there are several ways to extract water:

• well;
• abyssinian well:
• sand well;

• artesian well.

Arrangement of a well is a laborious and therefore expensive process.

Its disadvantage is also the fact that water is drawn from upper layers, which creates a high probability of ingress of contaminants, both external and entering through the upper layers of the soil. The amount of water is limited, the average flow rate is 0.5 cubic meters per hour. The well requires constant cleaning and repair, all these processes are carried out manually.

A well is a more modern, reliable, durable and affordable way of producing water. You can drill a well for water at any land plot... Depending on the depth of the aquifers, the type of structure is selected: Abyssinian well, sand or artesian well. If the aquifer is located at a depth of 12 m, an Abyssinian well is drilled. If this figure is 50 m, water can be produced using a sand well. Artesian is necessary if the water is at a depth of 200 m.

The Abyssinian well has a small diameter, surface dirt and dust do not get into it. Cheap and reliable option with a moderate amount of water use. The sand well has an average flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour. This is a filter view, i.e. on the water-bearing sand is placed from polymers or stainless metal. The artesian well is filterless, the water is supplied clean, without impurities. The flow rate ranges from 5 to 100 cubic meters per hour.

A diagram of the principle of operation of a well for water (sandy appearance) gives a visual representation of its internal structure.

Choosing a well type is an extremely important and responsible process.

Useful advice! If there is no information about the depth of the water layer, it is not worth determining the type of well without preliminary exploration. This can lead to unplanned additional costs and unexpectedly low production rates.

Basic ways drilling wells for water

Appointment of the caisson. Prices and characteristics of the most popular models.

Tools used whendrilling water wells with your own hands

When arranging a water well with your own hands great importance It has correct selection tools. It determines the speed and quality of work.

The drilling tool must be made of a strong and wear-resistant material, preferably steel. You can buy it in a store, or you can make it yourself and be sure of its quality. The main tools used in self drilling wells:

• the spoon. It consists of a steel hollow cylinder with a threaded head in the upper part for connecting to the rods, and in the lower part with a cutting edge. The body has a longitudinal slot with one edge bent inward, and the second is sharpened and can work like a blade when rotating. A drill spoon can be made in a workshop where there is lathe and a smithy. These fixtures have a diameter of 70,140 and 198 mm. This size of the spoon should be 10 mm larger than the diameter of the pipes lowered after drilling;
• chisel. The wellbore is rounded by turning the bit 15–20 degrees after each impact. The tool is made by forging from one piece of ductile steel. Its sharpening angle is 90 degrees. Chisels have a diameter of 74, 108, 147 mm. Small devices can be made in workshops where there is at least a small forge, as well as lathes and planers;

• bailer. Its body consists of an iron or steel pipe, to the top of which a fork with a tapered thread is attached for hanging from a rope or attaching to working rods. In the lower part, the pipe is equipped with a steel cutting shoe with a valve. The bailer body can be made of casing or gas pipe length 1–2 m;
• screw. It has flat spirals with rapid pitch. At the end of the tool there is a hammer that breaks the rock, and flat spirals bring it to the surface. The efficiency of the auger can be increased by using a small motor to rotate, for example, from a saw, a motor plow, etc.;
• glass. It is a regular pipe with pointed bottom ends. Working with it consists in lifting and dropping it from a height of 2-3 m to the bottom. Sharp ends cut the rock and tear it away from the face;
• barbell. It is used for percussion and rotary drilling. On it, a tool is lowered to the bottom of the hole, while it rotates, drilling is carried out, with its help, destroyed rock is extracted to the surface. The rods are subjected to compressive, tensile, bending, and twisting loads. As this tool, you can use square or round steel rods, as well as water pipes with a reinforced wall.

Turnkey water well price

The cost of a turnkey water well, the price per meter of drilling, is a complex value that is influenced by a number of circumstances. First of all, it depends on the location of the object and the specifics of the area. Geological sections in the territory of one region are heterogeneous, the distribution of aquifers is different. As a result, drilling water wells costs differently in each area. In addition, soil composition and landscape matter.

• development area;
• the technique used;
• fare;
• the depth of the aquifers;
• installation of equipment;
• direct work on drilling and pumping a well for water;
• type of well, features of its technical arrangement.

First, a qualified study of the soil is carried out, as a result of which the technology and equipment are selected. Since all the work of drilling a water well is carried out by one company, you can save time and effort by getting water in the shortest possible time.

Water supply of a private house from a well: layout of the main elements

The installation of a water well in a private house and connecting a water supply to it will not cause difficulties if you draw up a diagram correctly and purchase high-quality equipment. The water supply scheme for a private house from a well contains 3 main components:

• source (well);
• pumping station;
• pipeline.

These main components are equipped with additional:

• well caisson;
• automation;
• cleaning filters;

• water heater.

To connect the water supply to the house, pipes must be laid. If you do not plan to arrange insulation in the form of a cement tunnel (which is troublesome and time-consuming), you need to dig a trench that will lower them below the freezing point. Another option for insulation can be fiberglass foil materials.

Raw materials for pipes are used in different ways: there are several types of metal and an even greater variety of non-metal, polymer products.

Useful advice! When replacing or gasket water pipes it should be remembered that contact with water and the formation of condensation will certainly lead to corrosion on metal products... Plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion.

Well pumps: key features

When arranging pump station one of the main mechanisms is the pump. The choice of this unit is extremely important.

By the way they work, pumps are divided into 2 types:

• superficial;
• submersible (deep).

Surface pumps pump water out of wells, the depth of which does not exceed 8 m. They are installed on the surface, the installation method is quite simple.

For greater depths, submersible pumps should be chosen. They are of several types:

• centrifugal. They work due to the centrifugal force created by the paddle wheel blades when the shaft rotates;
• screw (or screw). Pumping of liquid occurs due to its movement along the axis of the screw in the chamber formed by the helical grooves and the surface of the body;

• vortex. The basis of the design is a wheel with blades, placed in a housing and attached to a shaft. Powered by centrifugal vortex force;
• vibrating. They work due to vibrations of the membrane, from which a pressure difference arises, and the liquid is pumped into the water supply system.

The main parameters that should be taken into account when choosing a pump for a well:

• performance;
• power;
• well depth, flow rate and diameter;

• cost.

Price submersible pumps for water wells is much higher than for surface ones. This is due to their greater power, performance, design and installation features. Among the submersibles, the most productive and expensive are centrifugal pumps, among which screw types are popular. They have high specifications, good performance and reasonable price.

If it is necessary to deliver a small volume of water in a short time, it is better to give preference to a vortex pump. The vibration device is more often used with a target orientation - to shake the well. Prolonged exposure to vibration can damage downhole structures close to the pump.

Useful advice! When deriving well parameters, some indicators are relative values. Therefore, when buying a pump, you should choose suitable model with a performance margin.

Can buy hand pump for water from the well. It requires physical effort, but it is much more reliable, much cheaper, easier to repair and more durable in operation. Hand pumps are of several types:

• vane. Principle of operation: under the influence of a hand lever, the wing rotates, actuating the suction element;
• piston. The pressure is generated at the outlet;
• rod. They act on the same principle as piston ones. The piston is significantly elongated, resembles a barbell, hence the name;
• membrane. The operation is based on the reciprocating movements of the membrane.

When choosing a hand pump for water from a well, you must first take into account the depth of the water reservoir. The deepest of the hand pumps is piston (up to 30 m), diaphragm effective up to 8-10 m. All types of hand pumps can fully replace the surface.

Basics of correct well operation

The cost of repairing a well for water is always high, since this process is complex and labor-intensive. It is not always possible to do this on your own. In order for the well to supply water for a long time and fully, it is necessary to follow the following rules when starting it:

1. It is necessary to turn on the pump smoothly for the first time. It is necessary to turn the valve on the head, starting from the minimum value of the water intake, and bring it to the optimal value.
2. The duration of the first water withdrawal must be at least two hours.
3. During operation, it is necessary to avoid excessively short-term switching on of the pumping station.
4. Systematic and significant water withdrawal in the first months of operation will ensure a constant flow of water and full functioning of the well.

Useful advice! At the beginning of using water from a well, it is imperative to take a sample for chemical analysis of the composition. This will allow you to be sure of useful properties water used as drinking, and will also make it possible to properly operate the water supply system as a whole.

Diy water well: possible problems and ways to solve them

Even with the payment of the required cost of a turnkey water well, when the work was performed by professionals, it is not always possible to avoid troubles during use. The most common problems during well operation:

• silting up:
• contaminated water;
• weak flow.

If the well is not used systematically, but only in the summer, silting is almost inevitable. There is no need to flush the structure in such a situation, but intensive pumping is needed.

Contaminated water can become due to the ingress of soil, intermediate waters. The most common cause is casing leakage. Repair is needed, it can be significant if casing replacement is required, and not just patching up individual areas.

Useful advice! When purchasing materials for arrangement casing for a well for water, the price of which belongs to the budget, it is not worth choosing: the efficiency of the most expensive pumping station can be reduced to zero precisely because of the problems of depressurization. Plastic rings are reliable and convenient for mounting the casing.

Weak flow can cause filter clogging. The solution to this problem is to clean or replace the entire filter.

To figure out how to make a water well with your own hands, or order it on a turnkey basis, accepting the conditions and cost of a water well already in the finished version - everyone decides for himself. Price cannot be a priority, and neither can a manufacturer of equipment. The main thing is that the output has the quality and quantity of water, which is necessary for daily consumption and life support.

Any estate, be it a country cottage or private housemust be provided with water. Without life-giving moisture, they cannot grow, pleasing the eye with exuberant flowering, and no fruit can fully bear fruit. cultivated plants... A well for water with your own hands, despite the seeming grandeur of the process, is a very real possibility of water production, which can be done independently without the use of heavy drilling equipment. There are several drilling methods that are quite simple to perform and do not involve the use of expensive equipment and significant efforts.

Extraction of water can be carried out by applying different technologies... The main types of water wells used to extract life-giving moisture:

• Arrangement of a well, which, in the presence of a good spring, fills up quickly and, being an excellent water storage, can hold up to 2 cubic meters of water;
• Filter well on sand, which is a pipe d \u003d 100 mm, submerged with a screw to a depth of 20-30 meters. At the deepened end of the pipe, a stainless mesh is fixed, which acts as a filter, being immersed in the sand of the coarse fraction. The well depth is 10-50 meters, the service life is 5-15 years.
• A filterless artesian well used to extract water from layers of porous limestone rocks. The depth of the well is 20-100 meters, the service life is about 50 years.

The exact depth of the water well cannot be determined in advance. Roughly, this will be the same depth as a similar well drilled in adjacent areas, or a nearby well. Since deviations are possible due to the uneven occurrence of the soil layers, the casing should be purchased based on the parameters of the water supply sources already equipped at the site, but with a slight adjustment.

The design of the water well is a kind of narrow well

The service life of wells directly depends on the intensity of use: the more often you use the structure, the longer it will last

Drilling a well by hand

To carry out the work, the drill itself, a drill tower, a winch, rods and casing pipes are required. A drill tower is necessary when digging a deep hole, with the help of this structure, a drill with rods is immersed and lifted.

The easiest way to drill a well for water is rotary, which is carried out by rotating the drill

While drilling shallow wells the drill string can be removed manually, without the need for a tower at all. Drill rods can be made of pipes, products are connected using keys or threads. The lowest bar is additionally equipped with a drill.

The cutting attachments are made from 3 mm sheet steel. When sharpening the edges of the nozzles, it should be taken into account that when the drill mechanism rotates, they must cut into the soil clockwise.

The drilling technology, familiar to most homeowners, is applicable to the installation of a well under water.

The tower is installed above the drilling site, its height must exceed the height of the drill rod in order to facilitate the extraction of the rod when lifting. Then a guide recess for the drill is dug onto two bayonets of the shovel. The first turns of rotation of the drill can be performed by one person, but as the pipe sinks, additional help will be required. If the drill does not come out the first time, turn it counterclockwise and try again.

As the drill deepens, the rotation of the pipe becomes more difficult. Softening the soil with water will help to facilitate the work. As the drill moves down, every half meter, the drill structure should be brought to the surface and freed from the soil. The drilling cycle is repeated again. At the stage when the tool handle is level with the ground, the structure is built up with an additional knee.

Since lifting and cleaning the drill takes a significant part of the time, you should maximize the capabilities of the structure, capturing and extracting as much of the soil layer as possible to the surface.

When working on loose soils, it is necessary to additionally install casing pipes in the well, which prevent the soil from shedding from the walls of the hole and blocking the well.

Drilling continues until it enters the aquifer, which is easily identified by the condition of the excavated land. Passing the aquifer, the drill sinks even deeper until it reaches the next aquifer, the water-resistant layer. Submersion to the level of the water-resistant layer will ensure the maximum flow of water into the well. It is important to note that manual drilling is applicable only for submersion to the first aquifer, the depth of which does not exceed 10-20 meters.

A hand pump or a submersible pump can be used to pump out dirty water. After two to three buckets of dirty water, the aquifer is flushed and clean water usually appears. If this did not happen, the well should be buried another 1-2 meters.

A manual drilling method based on the use of conventional drill and hydraulic pumps:

Rope Drilling Technology

The essence of this method, how to make a well for water with your own hands, is that the rock is broken with the help of a driven glass - a heavy tool falling from the height of an equipped tower.

To perform the work, a homemade drilling rig is required, as well as tools for use shock-rope method and extracting soil from the well.

The well tower, which looks like an ordinary tripod, can be made of both steel pipes and ordinary wooden logs. The dimensions of the structure should be proportional to the dimensions of the downhole tool.

The optimal ratio is the height of the derrick, which exceeds the length of the bottomhole nozzle by one and a half meters.

The process consists in alternately lowering the driving nozzle, which breaks and captures the rock, and lifting to the surface with the captured blade of the drilling tool.

To equip the drilling rig, you can use a steel pipe, the end of which is equipped with a cutting device. Cutting edge reminiscent of appearance half a turn of the auger, will contact directly with the bottom. Half a meter from the edge in steel pipe a hole must be made through which the excavated soil can be extracted by emptying the drill bit. A cable is attached to the top of the glass, with the help of which the glass will be lowered and its contents removed to the surface. The glass should be freed from the ground as the structure is deepened for every half meter.

Here is a video example of conducting exploration drilling in this way:

The nuances of installing casing pipes

A do-it-yourself well dug under water requires additional casing, which can be done both from a solid asbestos-cement pipe, and from separate sections of asbestos pipes. When working with cuts, special attention is paid to the equal diameter of the pipes in order to ensure subsequent unhindered immersion of the entire structure. Each pipe link is kept from slipping and secured with staples, which are then hidden under stainless steel strips.

A well for water with your own hands can also be "cased" with steel or plastic pipes

Pipe “casing” is required:

• to prevent wall shattering during drilling;
• to prevent well clogging during operation;
• to cover the upper aquifers with poor water.

A pipe is lowered to the bottom of the well with a filter made of a fine mesh that does not pass a grain of sand and provides water filtration. The pipe lowered to the required depth is secured with a clamp. This will prevent spontaneous subsidence.

With a competent arrangement of a water well, the above-ground part of the structure is covered by a caisson - a head that protects the source from pollution.

The head is a tank with a closing hatch with a hole diameter allowing easy access to the water well

Over time, the effect of a slight "squeezing" of the pipe out of the soil may be observed. The natural process of spontaneous lifting of the pipe to the soil surface does not require additional burial measures.